UNIT-5 SIDE HEADINGS IN OPERATING SYSTEM

1.       I/O SYSTEM:I/O HARDWARE:

·         PORT

·         BUS

·         DAISY CHAIN

·         PCI BUS

·         CONTROLLER

·         MEMORY MAPPED I/O

·         FOUR REGISTRES:

                1. STATUS

                2. CONTROL

                3. DATA-IN

                4. DATA-OUT

2. I/O SYSTEMS :

                                       POLLING

3.    I/O SYSTEMS: INTERRUPTS:

• INTERRUPT
• INTERRUPT REQUEST
• INTERRUPT HANDLER
• NON-MASKABLE
• MASKABLE
• INTERRUPT VECTOR
• INTERRUPT PRIORITY LEVELS
• EXCEPTIONS
• TRAP(SOFTWARE INTERRUPT)

4. I/O SYSTEMS: DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS

• PROGRAMMED I/O
• DMA
• BUS-MASTERING
• HAND SHAKING BETWEEN DMA CONTROLLER AND THE DEVICE
• DMA REQUEST
• DMA ACKNOWLEDGE
• CYCLE STEALING
• DVMA-DIRECT VIRTUAL MEMEORY ACCESS

5. APPLICATION I/O INTERFACE:

• INTERFACE
• KERNEL I/O STRUCTURE
• CHARACTERISTICS OF I/O DEVICES
• CHARACTER STREAQM OR BLOCK
• SEQUENTIAL OR RANDOM ACCESS
• SYNCHRONOUS OR ASYNCHRONUS
• SHARABLE OR DEDICATED
• SPEED OF OPERATION
• READ-WRITE

6. APPLICATION I/O INTERFACE: (10 M)

•                 INTERFACE
• KERNEL I/O STRUCTURE
• CHARACTERISTICS OF I/O DEVICES
• CHARACTER STREAQM OR BLOCK
• SEQUENTIAL OR RANDOM ACCESS
• SYNCHRONOUS OR ASYNCHRONUS
• SHARABLE OR DEDICATED
• SPEED OF OPERATION
• READ-WRITE
• BLOCK AND CHARACTER DEVICES
• NETWORK DEVICE
• CLOCKS AND TIMERS
• BLOCKING AND NON-BLOCKING I/O

7. KERNEL I/O SUB SYSTEM:

• I/O SCHEDULING
• BUFFERING
• CACHING
• SPOOLING AND DEVICE RESERVATION
• ERROR HANDLING
• KERNEL DATA STRUCTURES

8. TRANSFORMING I/O TO HARDWARE OPERATIONS:

• LIFE CYCLE OF AN I/O REQUEST

9. ACCESS MATRIX

10. SECURITY PROBLEM:

• MALICIOUS ACCESS
• SECURITY MEASURES AT FOUR LEVELS:
• PHYSICAL
• HUMAN
• NETWORK
• OPERATING SYSTEM